what happens When taking antibiotics during pregnancy

 what happens When taking antibiotics during pregnancy

It has been revealed that the effectiveness of antimicrobial drugs including antibiotics is decreasing.

Antibiotics, such as antibiotics, are used as medicine against microorganisms that cause infections for health treatment. When the same medicine is used improperly, the microorganisms in the body start to resist the medicine. Eventually, life-saving drugs stop working. This condition is called antimicrobial resistance.

In other words, resistance to bacteria, viruses, parasites and other microorganisms that infect humans, animals and plants is developed. Even when antibiotics are used for treatment, when the ability to survive and increase the offspring is developed, the antibiotic substances that used to work before, stop working against the disease, is called antibiotic resistance.

Aren't antibiotics a curse?

Antibiotics, invented by the British scientist Sir Alexander Fleming, were once regarded as a blessing of science and a life saver, but recently, a question is being raised that antibiotics are not a curse to the human world.

Due to the lack of proper use of antibiotic drugs used against the bacteria of infectious diseases affecting humans, animals and plants, resistance has developed and the treatment of infectious diseases has become an obstacle.

Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a challenge not only for the human race, but for the entire world as a result of the exchange of microbes through the interrelationship system between humans, animals and the environment.

Because of this, about 1.3 lakh people are dying every year. If concrete steps are not taken to control it now, this number will increase to 10 million annually by 2050, according to the World Health Organization. In addition to human losses, the World Health Organization has also warned that by the year 2030, the economic losses will be more than 10 trillion US dollars and its direct impact will be on developing countries like Nepal. In addition, the World Health Organization has declared antimicrobial resistance as one of the 10 biggest health problems in the world.

Why do antibiotics stop working?

Microorganisms develop resistance to drugs and the main reasons why drugs used for treatment do not work are as follows:

(1) prescribing and using more or less antibiotics than prescribed,

(2) the condition that the patient does not take the prescribed medicine,

(3) excessive use of antibiotics in agricultural production,

(4) poor infection control systems in hospitals and clinics,

(5) lack of hygiene and poor sanitation,

(6) Lack of rapid laboratory tests for antibiotic resistance.

The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in humans causes the microbes in their bodies to develop resistance. Antibiotics do not work in cases of viral illnesses such as the common cold.

Antibiotics are administered when the liver is infected

When a doctor carelessly prescribes antibiotics to a patient without checking the blood on suspicion of pneumonia, resistance develops.

On the other hand, if the patient does not take the full dose of antibiotic medicine as recommended by the doctor, the bacteria develop antimicrobial resistance. In the same way, drug sellers should not sell antibiotics randomly without a doctor's recommendation if the patient asks for it.

Antibiotic content in meat and dairy products

Microorganisms resistant to antimicrobials can also reach the human body through food. Antimicrobial resistance can also develop through consumption of animal-based foods such as milk and dairy products and eggs, fish, meat and meat products.

Antimicrobial substances such as antibiotics have been given to livestock when the livestock is sick or not, and when humans consume the meat or milk of such livestock, the residue of the antimicrobial drug reaches the human body through animal food and the microorganisms in the body develop antimicrobial resistance.

In the same way, antimicrobial resistance can develop in agricultural products through soil, water and environment, and also from food items including fruits, vegetables and grains. Finally, if people become sick due to the infection of resistant micro-organisms, the effectiveness of the medicine will decrease and the treatment will be complicated.

How much antibiotics Nepal consumes?

About 350 brands of antibiotic drugs are available in the Nepali market and about 50 companies produce antibiotic drugs within the country. Government of Nepal, Drug Management Department on 31 August 2080 has banned the registration/renewal, import and use of 103 types of mixed antibiotic drugs that are not recommended by the World Health Organization with the aim of reducing antibiotic resistance.

Antibiotics are also misused in livestock. Still, there is no safe and fair use of antibiotics in animal, fish and poultry farms, so the consumption of fish, meat and dairy products has increased the risk of public health.

According to a study, there is no facility to properly manage waste from hospitals in Nepal. Due to poor infection control practices in hospitals and non-adherence to quality standards in health care, antibiotic resistance has also been found to be on the rise.

According to the data of the National Public Health Laboratory, microorganisms such as E. coli, Klebsiella, Sigella, Staphylococcus, Salmonella have developed 10 to 40 percent resistance against many types of antibiotics such as tetracycline, ampicillin, gentamicin, ciprofoxacin and other drugs.

The above-mentioned microbes can enter our body through food and when antibiotics are used to kill these microbes, they develop resistance and the antibiotics become ineffective.

What to do now?

Collective efforts of all sectors have become indispensable to control and prevent the negative dimensions of antimicrobial resistance and to urgently address the challenges posed by it. Understanding the complexity of this multi-faceted issue, the Government of Nepal has adopted a system with the 'one health' concept to deal with it.

The National Health Policy, 2076 has prioritized the prevention of antibiotic resistance. To address this issue, the Government of Nepal has approved the Antibiotic Resistance National Action Plan (2080-81-2084-85) on February 14, 2080.

In this national action plan, it is mentioned that control and prevention will be done by forming a multi-sectoral steering committee and a national technical working committee. For effective coordination in the implementation of the activities of this action plan, the contact persons of all related areas have been identified and the basis for various activities has been prepared.

Measures to control and prevent antibiotic resistance:

(1) Agricultural sector:

- Using antibiotics according to national and international standards for the treatment and control of infectious diseases in livestock.

-Providing vaccinations or other alternatives to reduce the use of antibiotics.

- Bringing good medicine practices into use in the entire food system.

- Adopting a sustainable system for biological security.

(2) Health sector:

- Physicians should prescribe antibiotics only after ensuring the use of appropriate antibiotics.

-Allow the patient to take antibiotics only according to a certain amount and schedule.

- The patient should use the full amount and duration of the recommended antibiotic medicine.

- Get into the habit of washing your hands regularly.

- Everyone should pay special attention to hygiene to prevent the spread of disease.

-Provide vaccinations to prevent infection

- Do not use old medicine

(3) Environmental sector:

- To conduct research on the situation of antibiotic resistance in micro-organisms in arable land, soil and water.

- Do not use antibiotic drugs on crops, drains, arable land.

what happens When taking antibiotics during pregnancy

Nine months of pregnancy are very sensitive. During this period, the mother should be careful in many things to keep both the mother and the child healthy. Attention should be paid to everything from food to medicine. Taking medicine without doctor's advice during pregnancy can be dangerous for both mother and child.

So what to do if you have health problems during pregnancy and take medicine?

There can be many types of health problems during pregnancy. In this case, as soon as the problem appears, it should be solved. Many people think that you should not take medicine during pregnancy. But it cannot be said that you should not take any medicine. It is better not to take medicine as much as possible. However, if there is a situation where the health worsens without medicine, then after the examination, it can be taken on the advice of the doctor. But even in minor problems while taking medicine, a doctor's advice is mandatory.

The doctor can give any medicine considering the condition of the baby in the womb. For Udarhan, if there is a child in the womb but the woman already has a mental illness or migraine, the concerned doctor decides whether to continue their medication or reduce the dose. If there is a situation where you need to take some high dose medicine, you should also advise not to get pregnant in case it harms the baby.

What to do in a disease that cannot be cured?

In long-term problems like diabetes, high blood pressure, it is not possible to stop taking medicine suddenly. But if a woman who is already taking medication for diabetes or high blood pressure becomes pregnant, it should be taken into consideration which medication will have the least effect on the child and the mother. Because some blood pressure medicines have side-effects and some medicines have less side effects. Keeping in mind the child, mother and chronic illness, the process should be continued by taking medicine on the advice of the doctor of the respective disease.

Can surgery be done for other diseases?

Other serious diseases can also occur in the body during pregnancy. Some diseases may require surgery. But no surgery can be done before three months of pregnancy. Because that time is sensitive, there is a risk of miscarriage. Therefore, after three months, taking into account the health of the child and the mother, a careful operation can be performed after observing the condition of the disease.

Health problems during pregnancy

Many health problems can appear during pregnancy. For example, in the first three months, health problems such as vomiting, headache, possibility of miscarriage, pregnancy in the uterus but not in the fallopian tubes, pregnancy in the uterus like grape seeds can be seen. Likewise, the three months after the completion of three months are called the second trimester. During this period, there is a possibility that the blood pressure will increase, the amount of diabetes may be uncontrolled. And, in the final stage, this problem increases. However, not all of these problems are visible to everyone. Because the nature of the body, diet and environment are different for everyone.

Can you eat antibiotics?

Many people may be in doubt whether it is safe to take antibiotics during pregnancy or not. Not every pain needs medicine or antibiotics. Antibiotics work to eliminate bacteria that harm our body.

Not all antibiotics are dangerous for babies. Antibiotics should also be used in some diseases. If there is a bacterial infection during pregnancy and if it is not treated, the baby may also be at risk, so in some cases it has to be eaten. For example, if a urinary tract infection occurs during pregnancy, antibiotics may be necessary.

However, some antibiotics cannot be taken during pregnancy as they are harmful to the baby. But in case of any kind of problem, it should be taken only under the advice of a doctor after having a health examination.

Prefer home remedies for common problems

During the first three months of pregnancy, if common problems such as cold, allergy, fever, pain and digestion are noticed, it is advisable to give preference to home remedies rather than buying medicine from the pharmacy.

Cold and flu

If you are less than three months pregnant, you should take enough rest if you catch a cold or flu during that time. Consuming hot liquids during pregnancy can provide relief from cold and flu. If you have a sore throat, it is good to drink hot tea made with honey and lemon.

Muscle aches

Muscle pain is a common problem during pregnancy. As this problem occurs due to various changes in the body during this time, it can be massaged and applied to the painful area. It gives comfort.

Constipation and piles

Many people may suffer from constipation and piles during pregnancy. To avoid this, eating fiber-rich foods and drinking plenty of water to keep hydrated can provide some relief.

When you have a cold, why should you not take medicine like Sinex?

With the change of weather, the incidence of cold and fever increases. In such a situation, there is a widespread trend of buying and taking cold medicine by oneself.

Cold medicine is used more for problems such as runny nose, runny nose, itchy nose, sneezing etc. But such medicines should not be used on their own.

When there is a cold, the inflammation of the surface cells inside the nose, the entry point of the respiratory system, is called 'rhinitis'. After allergies and infections in the nose, the surface cells of the nose become swollen and thin mucus starts to flow. Rhinitis is also of different types. There are different types of rhinitis including allergic rhinitis, acute rhinitis (sudden), chronic rhinitis (chronic), fungal rhinitis.

Patients say they have a cold based on the symptoms mentioned above, but the drug treatment for these different types of rhinitis is not the same.

If you have a cold due to allergies, taking cold medicine alone will not solve the problem. What is causing the allergy should be avoided. If the cause of the allergy is not found and the cold medicine is taken, the problem may worsen.

Therefore, if the nose is blocked or has a cold, it is important to understand what caused it. Medicines should be treated accordingly. You should not take cold medicine as soon as you have a cold.

What happens when you take cold medicine yourself?

Cold medicine is not a medicine that should not be taken. Doctors also prescribe this medicine after looking at the condition of the patient. Therefore, it is important for the patient to know under what conditions he should take this medicine. If you take self-medication without knowing this, various side-effects will also start to appear.

However, every medicine has some side-effect. But when the medicines are taken without proper dosage, it can cause more side-effects.

Cold medicine reduces the problem of swelling of the surface cells of the nose. If it is only a cold, then its consumption will cause problems. But if there is headache, breathing problem along with cough, it will not solve the problem. If you continue to take cold medicine for a long time without the advice of a doctor, it can cause the flesh to grow inside the nose.

When the surface cells of the nose swell during a cold, blood circulation increases. Taking self-inflicted cold medicine also causes the problem of bleeding from the nose due to reduced blood circulation in the swollen nose.

Cetamol is also mixed with anti-cold medicine in cold medicine. Therefore, if cold medicine is taken for a long time without consulting a doctor, it can affect the liver and kidneys.

Self-intake of cold medicine may also cause the problem of low blood cells. Its excessive consumption reduces plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.

Something to note

If the cold does not heal on its own even after five to seven days, if the cough continues, if the fever increases, if the cough and the horns are yellow, if there is difficulty in breathing, the medicine should be taken only after checking with the doctor.

Lately, seasonal flu and covid are also spreading. Therefore, if problems such as cold and fever have appeared for a long time, it can also be covid. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to distinguish whether it is seasonal flu or covid.